Vulvar Cancer

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Navigating the Maze: Insights from a Case Series of Vulval Extramammary Paget’s Disease

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Navigating the Maze: Insights from a Case Series of Vulval Extramammary Paget’s Disease

Extramammary Paget’s remains a rare neoplastic condition, which although shares the name with Paget’s disease of the breast, is a distinct entity. The condition predominantly affects the epidermis of the vulval skin of postmenopausal women. In this case series, we present the cases of two geriatric patients who were diagnosed with this rare condition and the different treatment options available in managing the disease. Despite its rarity, understanding of this neoplastic condition is vital due to its potential for misdiagnosis and its impact on patient quality of life.

Identification of Predictive Factors for Post-operative Recurrence and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Vulvar Extramammary Paget Disease

Identification of Predictive Factors for Post-operative Recurrence and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Vulvar Extramammary Paget Disease

This study aimed to identify clinicopathological factors predicting recurrence and prognosis in patients with vulvar extramammary Paget disease (VPD). Forty-five patients were analyzed, revealing that 40% had resection margin (RM) involvement, 26.7% received adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), and 22.2% experienced recurrence. Recurrence rates were higher in patients who underwent less extensive surgeries like wide local excision or simple vulvectomy compared to those who had radical vulvectomy. Positive RM involvement was found to be an independent factor for poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), while adjuvant RT significantly improved overall survival. In conclusion, positive RM involvement predicts worse RFS, the type of surgery influences recurrence rates, and adjuvant RT can enhance prognosis in VPD patients.

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Mohs surgery for female genital Paget's disease: a prospective observational trial

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Mohs surgery for female genital Paget's disease: a prospective observational trial

This study aimed to compare surgical and oncologic outcomes of margin-controlled surgery vs traditional surgical excision for genital extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) in females.

Extramammary Paget’s Disease Manifested by Intraepithelial Adenocarcinoma of the Vulva and Anus Combined with Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Ampullary Part of the Rectum

Extramammary Paget’s Disease Manifested by Intraepithelial Adenocarcinoma of the Vulva and Anus Combined with Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Ampullary Part of the Rectum

The author of the given paper describes an unusual combination of two diseases: extramammary Paget’s disease manifested by intraepithelial adenocarcinoma of the vulva and anus combined with invasive adenocarcinoma of the ampullary part of the rectum and describes the atypical manifestations of these diseases.

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Genomic Alterations as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Extramammary Paget’s Disease of the Vulva

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Genomic Alterations as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Extramammary Paget’s Disease of the Vulva

We identified all patients with primary vulvar EMPD who were treated at our institution and underwent paired tumor-normal massively parallel sequencing of 410-468 cancer-related genes (MSK-IMPACT assay). EMPD of the vulva samples sequenced from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed and somatic mutations identified, with specific focus on mutations of potential therapeutic targets. Clinical data were abstracted from electronic medical records. EMPD of the vulva has a chronic and relapsing course, often requiring multiple surgical resections. Effective topical treatments are lacking. We identified targetable mutations (PIK3CA or ERBB2) in . 25% of a real-world clinical cohort. Additional prospective research implementing targetable therapies for EMPD treatment is warranted.

Genomic Alterations as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Extramammary Paget’s Disease of the Vulva

We identified all patients with primary vulvar EMPD who were treated at our institution and underwent paired tumor-normal massively parallel sequencing of 410-468 cancer-related genes (MSK-IMPACT assay). EMPD of the vulva samples sequenced from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed and somatic mutations identified, with specific focus on mutations of potential therapeutic targets. Clinical data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed by MSIscore.

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Paget disease of the vulva an analysis of 24 cases

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Paget disease of the vulva an analysis of 24 cases

Paget's disease can arise in the breast (mammary Paget disease) or in other locations (extramammary Paget disease) such as anogenital skin in both males and females (Paget disease of the vulva [PDV]). Underlying adenocarcinoma can be found in some cases. This study aims to report clinical aspects, surgical procedures, outcomes, and recurrences of patients with PDV.

A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PDV managed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, and the “Giovanni Paolo II” National Cancer Institute in Bari, between 1998 and 2018.

Records of 24 cases of PDV were examined. Median age of the patients at diagnosis was 69.3 (range 38–84), diagnosis of synchronous cancer was made in 2 cases and in 2 other cases of metachronous disease. Three patients had previously been diagnosed with other oncological diseases. All patients underwent surgery including wide local excision (6), simple vulvectomy (8), and extended vulvectomy (10). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 2 cases and reconstructions with advancement flaps in 7 cases. Four patients were found to have invasive disease and 1 had inguinal node involvement. Positive margins were found in 11 patients. Wound dehiscence and urethral stenosis were found in 4 and 1 case each. Eight recurrences (33.33%) were observed, regardless of positive surgical margins. PDV has a low rate of malignancy but a high rate of recurrence.

Mayo Clinic: Prospective Registry of Gynecologic Patients With Extramammary Paget's Disease Study

Mayo Clinic: Prospective Registry of Gynecologic Patients With Extramammary Paget's Disease Study

The Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) is currently recruiting women with vulvar Extramammary Paget's Disease for an EMPD study. This includes EMPD of the vulva, vagina or perianal EMPD. The 25-year study will allow physicians to better understand EMPD. The researchers also want to learn more about the microorganisms (microbiome) that live on or near the areas of skin affected by EMPD, in order to better understand this condition. Tumor tissues will be obtained in order to perform tumor molecular profiling to identify targetable somatic mutations in EMPD. This EMPD study is for women only. More information on the Prospective Registry of Gynecologic Patients With Extramammary Paget's Disease study can be found here. 

Vulvar Paget’s disease presenting on the background of clinically diagnosed lichen sclerosus

Vulvar Paget’s disease presenting on the background of clinically diagnosed lichen sclerosus

61-year-old woman was referred to the outpatient’s department due to persistent vulvar itchiness and soreness. She had been clinically diagnosed with lichen sclerosus (LS) in primary healthcare two years before referral and was being treated with topical steroids. year before her presentation, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and had a lumpectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. She had a history of hysterectomy for benign reasons, suffered from pernicious anemia and was a non-smoker. panel board in our case, due to overlapping symptoms with LS there can be a time delay before the diagnosis of VPD is established through vulvar biopsies.

Extramammary Paget disease of the vulva: immunohistochemical analysis of neoangiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers expression

Extramammary Paget disease of the vulva: immunohistochemical analysis of neoangiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers expression

Extra-mammary Paget’s disease of the vulva (EMPDV) is an infrequent chronic disease that often recurs. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of neoangiogenesis and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in EMPDV, and their potential correlation with stromal invasion. All the women consecutively treated for EMPDV at our Institute, between January 2011 and December 2014, were studied for neoangiogenesis, analysed by microvessel density (MVD) using antibodies against CD31 and CD34. Immunohistochemical expression of E- / N-cadherin, β-catenin and SLUG was also evaluated. In each slide, three fields with the highest number of capillaries and small venules were identified at low power. In these three fields, the highest vessel density (HVD) and the average vessel density (AVD) at 200× and 400× magnification were counted. Immunohistochemical reactions for non-vascular markers were semiquantitatively scored by two pathologists, using a three-tier scale. Seventeen cases of EMPDV (including 10 cases of invasive disease) were included. The AVD at 200× and 400× and the HVD at 400× magnification were significantly associated with invasive EMPDV (p = 0.02, 0.03, 0.03 respectively). No significant correlation between MVD, EMT-markers expression and risk of recurrence was detected. These results indicate that MVD, as a measure of neoangiogenesis, may be associated with histological progression of EMPDV. EMT could also be linked to an invasive potential of EMPDV but larger series are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Paget's Disease of the Vulva

Paget's Disease of the Vulva

Caucasian postmenopausal women are found to be more prone to Paget’s disease of the vulva. Symptoms include long-standing tenderness and itching, irritation, and burning sensation. Usually, symptoms are present for 2 years or even more before a diagnosis made. The lesions may be painful at times; however, some individuals are asymptomatic during diagnosis.

Though the appearance of the rash can create confusion with other similar vulvar rashes, biopsy typically provides a confirmation of the diagnosis. When Paget’s disease of the vulva is suspected, colonoscopy or cystoscopy is done as an additional diagnostic measure to look for cancers in the colon or bladder, respectively, if urinary or bowel symptoms are present.

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Topical Imiquimod in Treating Patients With Recurrent Paget's Disease of the Vulva

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Topical Imiquimod in Treating Patients With Recurrent Paget's Disease of the Vulva

Biological therapies, such as imiquimod, may stimulate the immune system in different ways and stop tumor cells from growing. Applying topical imiquimod to the vulva may be an effective treatment for recurrent Paget's disease. This clinical trial is studying how well topical imiquimod works in treating patients with recurrent Paget's disease of the vulva.

Paget disease of the vulva

Paget disease of the vulva

In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical aspects, histopathology, molecular genetics, and treatment options for Vulvar Paget’s Disease (VPD), a rare skin disease, most commonly found in postmenopausal Caucasian women. The underlying cause of VPD remains not well understood. VPD is rarely associated with an underlying urogenital, gastrointestinal or vulvar carcinoma. In approximately 25% of the cases, VPD is invasive; in these cases, the prognosis is worse than in non-invasive cases. Recurrence rates in invasive VPD are high: 33% in cases with clear margins, and even higher when surgical margins are not clear, regardless of invasion. Historically, surgical excision has been the treatment of choice. Recent studies show that imiquimod cream may be an effective and safe alternative.

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